Training Program on EARTHING AND GROUNDING

CONTENTS:

Earthing
  • Distinction between earthing and grounding
  • Soil resistivity, influencing factors, soil treatment
  • Resistance to earth of different electrodes
  • Measurement of grid resistance
  • Electrode selection and sizing: case study
  • Human element
  • Step and touch potentials
  • Case study: Ground mat design procedures
  • Case study: Earthing in LV and MV systems
  • Significance of bonding conductor
Grounding
  • Types of grounding
  • Effectively grounded system
  • Advantages and disadvantages of ungrounded system
  • Ground fault detection in ungrounded system
  • Advantages and disadvantages of solidly grounded system
  • Advantages and disadvantages of resistance grounded system
  • Resonant grounding – applications and difficulties
  • Case study : Application of zigzag and open delta for grounding
  • Case study : Neutral grounding of generators – core damage limitation - correct and incorrect approaches
  • Correct LA, Cable and PT selection for different grounding applications
  • Case study : Problems in ground fault relaying

Substation grounding/Earthing – Earth mesh, grounding rods, measurements, maintenance and corrective actions